Science, Health, and Medicine

Science, Health/Medicine The 1980s was a huge breakthrough for science and medicine. A lot of drugs were invented and medical procedures were carried out for the first time. Some of the medicinal inventions were: * 1980, the hepatitis-B vaccine. * 1982, human growth hormone genetically engineered. * 1983, Soft bifocal contact lens invented. * 1986, Synthetic skin invented by G. Gregory Gallico, III. * 1987, the introduction of Prozac; it transformed the treatment of depression. * 1989, The RU-486 (abortion pill) invented. In 1982, the first ever artificial human heart, made by Dr.Robert Jarvik, was implanted into Barney Clark; he survived for 112 days. In 1984, in the Loma Linda Medical Center, baby Faye's heart is explanted and replaced with a baboon heart. She survived for 3 weeks but died of a kidney infection which could or could have not have been caused by the new heart her body might have been rejecting. Stephanie Fae Beauclair Stephanie Fae Beauclair In 1984, researchers iden tified the virus that caused AIDS as HIV and in 1986, it was recognised that AIDS was transmitted through heterosexual contact as well as homosexual contact. Test tube baby (In vitro fertilisation)In vitro fertilisation is a process where the egg is fertilised by the sperm outside of the body in a test tube and is a procedure that is used for people who aren’t able to have a baby the natural way. Once the egg has been fertilised outside the body, it is transferred into the uterus so that it can have a natural birth like any other baby. Even though the first in vitro baby was born in 1978, the number of IVF babies had risen in the 80s because of huge improvements to the treatment. Australia’s first IVF baby was born in 1980, USA’s in 1981 and in Sweden and France, 1982.

Open Letter Assignment Essay

I have dreamt of graduating college since I began school. By the time I was your age, I had been practicing my college acceptance speech to my parents for many years. I understand that it can be difficult to imagine another four years of schooling. When you look at the alternative, however, you will find that you must work hard now to enjoy the rest of your life. When you are a middle-aged person, you will have been enjoying weekends off and family vacations for so long you won’t even think back about regretting college. In the grand scheme of things, it is only four years of your life. The first thing to do is look at places you’d like to live. If you already know what you want to do then you should choose a school that offers studying in that subject. However, don’t be alarmed if you don’t know what you want to do. Some people pick schools for a certain subject that they end up wanting nothing to do with. Even I have thought of several things I wanted to do and still have not come to a decision. Having a foundation of education is what is most important. You can always change your mind and get difference experience through different internships and jobs. By the time you graduate college, you will have had plenty of opportunities come your way. Another piece of advice is to take one week at a time. College work can be overwhelming, but not as overwhelming as working a full time job that doesn’t pay well or that doesn’t make you feel good going to it. If you’re worried about your math or writing skills, there are lots of ways to get help in college. There are writing centers, math tutors, and much more assistance available to you. Not everyone in college is good at every subject, so don’t worry!

Different Kinds of Bacteria Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4250 words

Different Kinds of Bacteria - Essay Example Despite the fact that it is normally hard to investigate in situ, important biological traits are characterized to these assemblages, encompassing co-operative behavior, defense against predators, competitive advantage, antibiotics, physical disturbance and immune system (Sutherland 2001b). These assemblages vary from the hugely random aggregation of bacteria developing on surfaces, in semi-solid surroundings or in limited volumes, to complicated structures integrating considerable amount of extracellular medium material. This latter kind of assemblages symbolizes biofilms in strio senso, and the existence of structural matrix material issues biofilms with a unified physical identity that may be lacking both in a settlements and in glop (Davey & O'Toole 2000). It is evident that the physical resilience of biofilms is the outcome of multiple interactions between matrix elements (usually exopolysacharides, EPS), bacterial surface additios (flagella, fimbriae and aggreagation concepts) and coverings (lipopolysacharide, LPS) and the surface settled by the bacteria. In the case of the biofims generated by salmonella typhimurium enteritidis rdar mutants, and the pseudomonas fluoresccens SBW25 wrinkly spreader, the expression of a cellulose matrix and a fimbrial-like attachment issues are the main elements adding to biofilm strength and integrity (Lappin-Scott et al. 1995). In each case, biofilms generate at their-liquid (A-L) interface and are substantially bigger and more robust than the archetypical submerged biofilm generated by several other bacteria, for instance, pseudomonas aeruginosa. The wrinkly spreader (WS) refers to a niche-specialist genotype that colonizes the A-L border of liquid cultures, developing an A-L biofilm, and develops badly in the liquid discourse (Donlan 2002). Background on Pseudomonas fluorescens It occurs by spontaneous mutation from the ancestral (smooth; SM), non-biofilm-forming P. fluorescens SBW25 strain, in spatially configured micr ocosms, and displays massive negative frequency-advantage is attributable to cooperation among personal WS cells: overproduction of attachment factors, whereas costly personal cells, outcomes in the interests of individuals aligning with those of the group and permits migration of the oxygen-replete A-L boundary. According to some research conducted concerning these genes needed for biofilm generation through P. fluorescens WS (using one specific WS isolate, PR1200, mini-Tn5 mutagenesis recognized two main loci – the wsp chemosensory operon programming the response regulator WspR, and the wss cellulose biosynthesis operon that encompasses genes engrossed in the partial acetylation of the cellulose matrix (Dunne 2002). WspR is needed for the expression of cellulose and a supposed curli or thin aggregate fimbriae (Tafi)-like attachment factor, both of which are needed for ordinary WS biofilm establishment and colony formation (Al-Tahhan, Sandrin, Bodour & Maier 2000). Moreover, the cellulose acetylation-defective mutant WS-18 (WS wssF; mini-Tn5) was discovered to generate weak biofilms. These discoveries propose that the physical incorporation of the WS biofilm outcomes from the mingles between cellulose fibres and attachment factor, and between attachment factor and the ramparts of the microcosm vial. This latter interaction is needed during the initial phase of biofilm establishment when bacteria attach in the meniscus area of the loquid to the glass vials (Gaspar, Marolda & Valvano 2000). Successive development out over the A-L interface outcomes in the characteristic WS biofilm. One of the prior recognized WS

Impact of Financial Crisis on the Role of the Labor Union Movement in Essay

Impact of Financial Crisis on the Role of the Labor Union Movement in the US - Essay Example It is generally agreed that due to union partnership, wages are often driven up and those who are members of the labor unions tend to benefit more from the labor unions as compared to the workers who are not the members of the unions. Due to higher wages, the overall costs are increased and countries lose their overall competitiveness and hence jobs relocate to regions like Asia to provide low cost labor services. The current economic situation is also a glaring example of how higher wages and costs associated with the unions can actually increase the cost for the firms and hence make them less competitive as compared to other countries with little or no union activity. The resources of the firms are already under stress and higher costs therefore can further increase the costs. It is pertinent to note that trade union movement, at the global level, has also transcended itself into a much bigger role. During the initial phase of the current economic recession, global leaders of the d ifferent labor unions actively coordinated with G20 countries to bail out the global economy. This active participation into the overall policy making process therefore suggest that with the advent of the current global crisis, trade unions have also evolved the much bigger role for themselves including the element of policy making. (Russell) There is also a growing demand from different other quarters to suggest that labor unions must play an active part in resolving the economic crisis. As such emphasis has been laid on the role of labor unions as the facilitators of the management in overcoming the economic crisis. This new role of the labor unions therefore suggest that at least in US, the overall role of labor unions is... This essay offers comprehensive review of the Labor Union Movement in the United States in the post-crisis years. The paper outlines the diminishing role of labor unions in the modern economy. The current economic recession in US and other developed countries of the world has resulted into sharp decline in employment level. As such firms are cutting jobs in order to become more competitive and save costs. Rising unemployment therefore has also resulted into the lack of new memberships for the labor unions thus effectively reducing their influence within the organizations. Sharp decline in the output and lack of demand is resulting into lower output produced by the firms. Government is also looking for ways to further streamline and rationalize its expenses. Labor union is considered as an organization of workers wherein workers collectively strive to achieve some common goals such as better pay, improved working conditions and other benefits. The collective bargaining agent role of the labor unions therefore outlines that labor unions have the explicit right to enter into negotiations with the management of the firm to make mutual decisions in order to safeguard the interests of the workers. There have been efforts in some States of US, wherein due to high cost paid to unionized public employees that the union activity in public organizations should be banned. This suggests that there is a huge cry over curtailing the union activity in order to avoid further damage to the pubic as well as private institutions.

Philosophy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 1

Philosophy - Essay Example With this emerged various schools of thoughts which promoted specific theories of brain functioning and psyche. One of them is functionalism. Functionalism Functionalism in philosophy of mind is a school of thought that states: â€Å"†¦a physical or abstract entity is identified by its causal or operational role† (Floridi). It is a doctrine that negates the idea of internal causes and constitutions of various mental states. It rejects the idea of unseen and abstract, even structural causes for these states and believes that every mental state has a separate and distinctive function or role in its respective system. As far as the origin of this doctrine is concerned, its roots lie back to Greek civilization. The concept of soul projected by Aristotle seems to offer the elementary base for functionalism whose antecedent goes back to Hobbes’s idea of human mind as a mere ‘calculating machine’. However, this particular school had got fame in the last quart er of twentieth century. Moreover, functionalism is not merely restricted to the philosophy only; it is rather involved in almost every natural and physical field of science including psychology, sociology, even education. Functionalism in Psychology Psychology emerged as a science in the late 19th century and functionalism proved to be an important mile stone in its wider acceptance and visionary exposure. It rose as a protest against structuralism and added various functional aspects of human brain along with the structural ones that shapes the humanistic behavior. According to Coon, it is â€Å"†¦concerned with how behaviour and mental abilities help people adapt to their environments†, and in this way it defines the function of various psychological and mental states Invalid source specified.. Functionalism offers an alternative to behaviourism and identity theory of mind: one regards every mental activity as a particular behaviour formed as a habit through continuou s practice; the other divides them into types that are further correlated to the physical events occurring within the brain. Functionalism projects that every mental activity that takes place in the mind performs a particular function in the physical systems. These mental states are realized on multiple levels each of which offers a complete separate system. Thus, human mind behaves like a computational machine which directs external behaviours of the man (Jaworski). Putnam’s Philosophy of Mind Hilary Putnam was an American computer expert, mathematician and philosopher who had caught special attention in philosophy of mind in around 1960’s when he had put forward his hypothesis of ‘multiple realizability’ (Figure 1). He argues that all living beings can feel pain, yet their reasons of pain are not the same. With the help of the example of animals, he further elaborates that every creature cannot have the same brain structure, and therefore same mental eve nts (like pain, emotions, desires, sensations, etc.) cannot happen in everyone. Thus, he tries to imply that mental realizability differs from creature to creature as a result of which feelings and sensations differ, and this is so because each sensation is due to a physical property that differs. Figure 1 Putnam’s Philosophy of Multiple Realizability Moreover, he has also put forward the first formulation of this functionalist theory in the form of ‘machine-state functionalism’. It was based on the analogy between human mind and the Turing machine that can calculate any

Should Alcohol Sales Be Allowed at College Sporting Events Essay

Should Alcohol Sales Be Allowed at College Sporting Events - Essay Example I acknowledge that beer and chips are a traditional part of any spectator sport activity, which is why our university has been quite lenient over the years regarding the entry of alcohol into the stadiums and sports arenas. As a student body, we know the risks involved in binge drinking and we acknowledge that the university authorities constantly remind us that we must know how to place the alcohol â€Å"in the belly and not in the brain†. But there will always be students who overstep the bounds and get drunk either before, during, or after the game. It is important that you understand that the recent violent actions of some students have nothing to do with the sale of alcohol at the college sporting events. The sale of alcohol is a necessary evil when it comes to keeping a college or university sports program alive. While the budget during the year for the sport is set aside by the board of trustees of the school, that does not mean that the amount set aside will be suffici ent enough to cover all of the necessary expenses that the team will incur during the year. The coaches already admitted that the revenue from alcohol sales helps to keep the team in active play. The alcohol sales help to augment the shortage in the budget. While it is true that there is a tendency among the students to abuse alcohol at the sporting venues, that is not to say that all of those who drink excessively will be prone to acts of violence. The same goes for tailgating parties that occur prior to the events. Alcohol is one of the main drinks served at such parties which occur prior to the game. In this situation, the alcohol serves as a bonding instrument for the students, who come together pre-game in order to celebrate and prime themselves for the game ahead. Although alcohol is abundant at tailgating parties, there has never been any conclusive evidence to prove that the alcohol consumed by the spectators pre-game has anything to do with their mindset and actions once th ey enter the stadium. Spectator violence is something that usually happens in Europe but only began to emerge in the United States. Not all of the spectator violence is alcohol related. There are other ways and means that opposing teams can get on each other's nerves or egg each other on. Acts as simple as taunting, teasing, gesturing, destruction of public property, and physical challenges can all lead to spectator violence. But that does not necessarily mean that alcohol is to blame for the actions of the students. There are other reasons, such as being high on illegal drugs, that contribute to the problem of spectator violence. To automatically assume that excessive alcohol intake by the students is the primary cause of violence means that you are barking up the wrong tree. Remember that there is a high police profile at these stadiums during these events due to security concerns. These law enforcers are the first line of defense when it comes to silencing a drunk spectator. Gran ted that the police cannot guard every student that enters the venue. But the guards at the gate can definitely tell who is entering intoxicated. In which case, a Breathalyzer test can automatically be administered in order to prevent the outbreak of misunderstanding and violence at the venue. The drinking starts long before the students enter the venue. Therefore, the students who try to enter the venue drunk can and should be denied entry until the sober up. Keep in mind that restricting alcoholic intake at the sports venue just means that the students will get their alcohol fix before, during, and after the game in another manner. A manner that will most likely cause spectator violen

Servant Leadership Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Servant Leadership - Essay Example Furthermore, upon death of the proprietor, such organizations could not survive any longer (Vondey, 2010). Vondey (2010) states that scholars embarked on looking for a sustainable way of management that created value for staff and the organization. This led to a more enterprising relationship between leaders and servants, giving rise to self-driven and responsible followers. The main aim of servant leadership is for the leader to make an initiative of taking care of all the needs of followers. Organizations have particularly taken note of servant leadership since it encourages followers to perform tasks just like the leader, leading to structuring of organizational beliefs, clear chains of command and delegation of duties. Followers will offer services in the same way they see their leader do and this promotes service delivery if the leader is transparent and generous to followers (Winkle, Allen, DeVore & Winston 2014). For there to exist a proper relationship between the leader and followers, the leader should not exert his influence among the followers by commanding them around, instead the leader should work with followers, encouraging and showing them how to carry their duties successfully. This shall motivate followers to improve their productivity and growth, enhance recognition from the company, promote their integrity and they shall provide proper community services. Winkle et al (2014) says that from research, the servant leadership provides an outlook on how the followers are likely to perform. If a leader serves those under him, he shall have followers who will mostly do the same to others. Most followers will perceive the leader as a role model and will not hesitate to serve others if their leader serves them well. They shall do this by giving one another spectacular service, marketing their company and creating the habit of encouraging others to express themselves fully. In essence, followers acquire great values from a healthy servant

Bauhaus and Modernism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Bauhaus and Modernism - Essay Example This essay discusses that the main concepts of the Bauhaus began in Germany in the early 1900s, specifically when World War I and World War II began to dominate the lifestyles of those in the region. The philosophy was based on the changes that were within society and how this led to different perspectives of what was important to those in a given culture. The basis of this was known as being a logical positivist, which embraced futuristic and avant – garde ideologies. It was understood that this particular concept of philosophy was one that not only demanded the change toward mathematical and economic associations with art. There were also values that were placed on the changing culture, specifically because of the wars which were taking place. As the report declares, Europe and America began to experience a profound shift in sensibility that would lead to an explosion of creativity in the arts, transform moral values, and in time reshape the conduct of life throughout Western society† This basis was followed by other concepts which were associated with the understanding of Bauhaus and the movement toward modernism in Germany. The art and architectural forms that were a part of the movement were one of the main associations made with the Bauhaus movement. The philosophy developed was based on simplistic forms and colors as well as a synthesis between the two. Unification of the forms and colors were then able to create a different focus on the ideology of the subject and what was being said.... This essay stresses that the desire to create a sense of innovation and modernism then became reflective of the ideologies of the Bauhaus movement, specifically in trying to find a definition that created the perception of modernism. The similarities of defining modernism then became a part of the art and architecture that was in both America and Europe. When looking at the different movements and the artistic works, it can be seen that there are similarities specifically in the definition and philosophy of modernism. When looking at these two artistic concepts, it can be seen that there is a direct relationship to creating shapes, forms and specific colors with the art. The Bauhaus perspective is based on incorporating mathematical concepts and philosophies of technology, specifically to re-identify art into a modernist perspective. The later work of Dove uses these same philosophies, specifically which takes the subject matter of the mountains and makes it into what one could define as a modernist work. The concept of Bauhaus and the American modernist movement have changed the way that many looks at the idea of modernism. Bauhaus worked as the precursor to American modernism with several philosophies, including the art, craft, and philosophy of defining modernism. The early influences of those that were a part of America from the Bauhaus movement, as well as the incorporation of different ideologies in trying to find the meaning of modernism led to different understandings that created the modernist philosophies.

Office Equipment Market Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 21000 words

Office Equipment Market - Dissertation Example The research examines the state of the office equipment market for determination of whether or not it can withstand new entrants. Focusing on three technologies and types of equipment, copiers, printers and facsimile machines, the findings indicate that this is an innovation driven and innovation-based market. The implication here is that the first-mover advantage principle holds, wherein new entrants are not likely to succeed. Indeed, the technologies and resources available to the first movers and early entrants render this a closed market in the sense that it is unlikely to absorb new entrants. An application of the resource-based view of the firm confirms this hypothesis. The dissertation, however, finds that while the opportunities for new entrants in the referenced market are limited, they do exist. Quite simply stated, should the first-movers cease their continued drive towards innovation, thus, leaving a gap in the market, new firms can enter. They, however, can only do so if they have timed their innovations to coincide with the mentioned gap. As the study concludes, the opportunities for new entrants are far and few between and, indeed, their chances for success are minimal at best, considering resource variances between them and the early entrants. The fact remains, however, that such opportunities exist with the key being innovation and product timing. Chapter 1 - Introduction and Overview 1.1 Introduction To those from without the industry, the office equipment market appears to be a highly lucrative one. Indeed, as several market researchers have remarked, the profits which the printer, copier and facsimile machines' market appears to promise seems to beckon new market players to enter this particular industrial and market sector... To those from without the industry, the office equipment market appears to be a highly lucrative one. Indeed, as several market researchers have remarked, the profits which the printer, copier and facsimile machines’ market appears to promise seems to beckon new market players to enter this particular industrial and market sector (Herbig & Kramer, 1994; Elliot, 2005; Ruffo, Tuck and Hague, 2007). Irrespective of appearances, however, and not withstanding the size of the market, there is no room for new players as this is a first-mover market in which the odds are stacked against new entrants. As noted by several market analysts and marketing scholars, innovation is the key to survival within this market and, due to that, the market status of its key players (Xerox, IBM, Ricoh, Canon, Kyocera-Mita and HP) is virtually untouchable (Clarke, 2000). Proceeding for the above-stated, it is apparent that professional and academic opinion tends towards the contention that the office equipment market is not open to new players; that there is no room for new players within this market. This is not, as some may assume, because the key players have a tight, quasi-monopolistic grip over the market. Instead, and as noted in the above, this is because this is a market of innovation and, hence, by definition, favours early movers. In order to clarify this further, it is necessary to explore the nature of innovation. Innovation, it is argued, is more than invention. Put differently, inventions do not necessarily result in innovation.

Evaluation of a Membership Card Design Essay Example for Free

Evaluation of a Membership Card Design Essay * If Mr Patel wanted he can put a photo of the member on the membership card I left a space on the membership card for Mr Patel to stick on a photo for the member if he wishes to do this, he can stick a passport size photo of the member. * The membership card must look bright I have met this by using very bright colours to make the membership card, I have used light blue to make the membership card look bright, this makes the membership card stand out. * The membership card must look attractive I have met this by adding colour on the membership card, I have used bright colours and made the font size big, so that the membership card stands out and looks attractive. * The title, Member name, Member ID, logo and the must be on the membership card I have met this by adding the fields for the title, First name, surname and member ID on the membership card and by adding the logo on the membership card. * The system must be made in a way that the details of the members are inputted automatically on the membership card I have met this by using the fields from the members table, and put them on the membership card, by doing this the system will automatically input the details on the membership card, when the phone number of the member is entered * The members table should be linked to the loans table in order to link the loans with the members. I have done this as the loans table and members table are linked together through relationships in Microsoft access, so that all the information in different databases can be searched in one query. * Some of the fields in the tables must be validated in order to accept reasonable or valid data. I have met this by validating some of the fields, so if a user enters invalid data an error message will come up on eh screen telling the user that invalid data is entered. * The Member ID field must be the key field. I have met this by making the Member ID field the fey field, and I have made this field as an auto number so that the number will be computer generated, so that nothing else can be entered in this field * There must be a command button linking back to the main page. I have met this by putting a back button on all of my forms so that by pressing this button, it will allow the user to go back to the main page. * There must be a command button letting you add a new Member. I have met this by putting a button on my members form that allows the user to add a member by just a click of a button. * There must be a command button letting you delete a member. I have met this by putting a button on my members form that allows the user to delete a member by just a click of a button. * There must be a command button letting you save a new member. I have met this by adding a button on the members form, which allows the user save a member, by just clicking the button * The parameter Query should ask a question regarding the telephone number of a member I have met this by inputting a criteria for the parameter query which is: [Please enter your telephone number] this will ask the user what the telephone number of the member is. * All the forms in the system must look identical. I have met this by using the same header for every form; by using the same logo, by putting the businesses name on the every form, and using the same background colour for every form. * There must be a command button letting you add a video. I have met this by putting a command button on the videos form, to let the user add a video by clicking a button * There must be a command button letting you delete a video. I have met this by putting a command button on the videos form, to let the user delete a video by clicking a button * There must be a command button letting you save a video. I have met this by putting a command button on the videos form, to let the user save a video by clicking a button * The Videos table must be linked to the loans table. I have done this as the loans table and videos table are linked together through relationships in Microsoft access, so that all the information in different databases can be searched in one query. * The Videos database table must have the field headings; Video ID, Video title, Genre, Rating, and the format. I have done this by making the titles of the table the ones that are listed above. The reason why I have done this is because it makes the system very easy to understand as these field headings are self-explanatory * The system must look attractive I have done this by inserting logos of the business, and changing the background of the form to yellow which makes it look very attractive, I have also changed all the font colours in these forms to orange, to make it look attractive. * The video ID must be set as a key field I have met this by making the Video ID field the fey field, and I have made this field as an auto number so that the number will be computer generated, so that nothing else can be entered in this field * The system must be easy to understand/Use I have met this by using simple words for the headings of each table, I have kept it as simple as possible so that Mr Patel would not get too complicated for Mr Patel. I have also labelled every command button. There are also different command buttons to do different jobs. * The parameter query should look up the correct information. I have met this by putting the parameter queries in square brackets, this will work when the question of the parameter query is put in squared brackets. * The information about the members and the videos must be present in the query I have met this by inputting all the fields for the videos and members in the query. I have done this so that the user would know the name of the member who has overdue videos. * The mail merge letter must have the details of the members I have done this by including all the fields of the members in the letter, so that it would be easy for the user to tell who the letter is for * Their must be a template created of the mail merge letter. I have met this by creating a template for the letter before actually making the mail merge; this would help the user so that he would not have to retype the letter every time. * The system must show the correct people who have overdue loans I have achieved this by making a query which shows all the members information and all the loans information, when the parameter query is filled in, it will show all the people who have overdue videos * The system must show the loan details I have done this by inputting all the loans fields on the table, so that it shows all the loans information on the table. * The parameter query must ask a question regarding when the loan was due back. I have met this by inputting a parameter query which will ask the user for todays date, it will be put in squared brackets and will look like this: [Please enter today date?] * The system should be made in a way that it is reusable I have achieved this by inputting parameter queries that can be reused for example please enter todays date using this question the system will be reusable. * The mail merge letter must look formal I have achieved this by using the correct font for my letter, as I have also inserted Mr Patels signature on the letter, and have used an appropriate font for this. Overall I believe that I successfully met all my performance criteria in creating this database. I also believe that I dont need to do any major corrections to my system.

Samsung Analysis: Porters Five, SWOT and PESTEL

Samsung Analysis: Porters Five, SWOT and PESTEL INTRODUCTION Samsung electronics Industry Corporation was created in 1969 as a division of Samsung group, and the name of corporation was changed to the current name which Samsung electronics in 1984. Mainly it manufacture and exported electronics products, which include color TV, electronic calculator, electronic watch, electronic cash registers, as well as electronic home appliances such as refrigerators, air conditioners, washing machines, an also telecommunication devices. Especially, it recorded the outstanding number of manufacturing black and white TVs which was going up above 10 million and took top of the world in terms of export of black and white TVs. It succeeded to develop super mini VTR (8mm) in 1983, started to export VTR in 1985, and merged Samsung semiconductors and telecommunication cooperation in 1988. Since then Samsung electronics has dramatically grown as one of the worlds leading electronic giant with branches all over the world. Now millions of Samsung electronic products are being manufactured and sold every day and its product is seen in almost every house around the world. Samsung electronics has one of the best inventory management systems, supply and distribution chain in the world and its products are unique and durable with dedicated, efficient work force. Also, its research and development department is second to none in the electronic industry hence we decided to carry out this in-depth analysis to access the various strategies they have being applying since their existence and to advise them on the possible strategic options available to them now and in the future. ENVIRONMENT ANALYSIS Industry Analysis Porters Five Forces Analysis (http://www.masslearning.com/) Michael Porter stated that for any business entity there are 5 forces in action, these forces can have a great influence on the current affairs and strategy of the business. These forces consist of the following factors. Buyers power Buyers are the driving force of any industry including the automotive sector. Buyer behaviour is an essential part of marketing strategy and in-depth studies and research have been conducted to try to understand buyer behaviour. Typical question to ask when considering buyer behaviour are, who are our buyers? How do they buy? When do they buy? Where do they buy? Why do they buy? For Samsung electronics the brand strength allows them to make radical changes as they have a large base of loyal customers (due to an long history of building quality electronics), this has been evident with the radical exterior design changes to the Samsung product line up. Thus Samsung can be considered as a trend setter in their respective markets. This is a powerful position as it allows for some control of the direction of the future markets and trends. But strong competition from their rivals ensures that the changes arent too radical as they may lose customers to their opposition. Suppliers power Suppliers are the foundations of any industry they can supply raw materials, labour components and other supplies. Therefore it is important that a business has a good healthy relationship with its suppliers to ensure that it can operate smoothly and efficiently in cohesion with its suppliers. The power of suppliers varies depending on certain factors, for example if the product is standardised then the supplier will be weak, an example of this in the electronics industry would be silicon manufacturers. There are many to choose from and product diversity is relatively low thus suppliers are weak in this market. Suppliers are more powerful when they provide a more specialised product. Samsung has a technologically advanced component with existing patents, so in this case the supplier has more power in the relationship then in the case with silicon. Threat of Substitute products A substitute product is a product in another market which poses a threat because it is potentially a substitute to your product. A substitute (product) can negatively affect the ‘price elasticity of your product since more substitutes become available the demand becomes more elastic as customers have more alternatives a close substitute product constrains the ability of firms in an industry to raise prices. In the electronics industry substitute products will include other similar products from other manufactures. The threat of substitutes in the electronics sector is increasing since the consumer are being motivated by both social responsibility and legislation to find alternative manufacture that meets their criteria to reduce the affect of global warming energy consumption . Legislation in the UK such as high charging for energy bill also promotes substitutes in to electronic industry so it is a growing threat in this sector. Degree of rivalry Perhaps this is one of the most important of Porters 5 forces, since competition is what tends drives innovation changes in the market since firms strive for a competitive advantage. The intensity of rivalry amongst firms varies across markets. In a market that is saturated rivalry can become fierce as firms compete for the same customers, but in a growing market firms dont need to compete as fiercely as there may have their own growing customer base to which they can cater their product. When considering direct rivals to Samsung such as Motorola and Dell they are all long established in the industry so it is likely that they have coexisted by having disciplined competition and also having a ‘code of conduct between themselves. This is evidence of ‘friendly competition within the automotive sector. Barriers to entry This relates to how easy it is to enter the market place, this force has only negative implications on current market competitors since the easier entry into a market is the more competitors there potentially is. But usually there are legal requirements that must be overcome before the market place can be entered for example a product must pass minimum quality and safety standards and licences are usually required for trading. When considering the electronics industrial sector entry into the market is extremely difficult, since a large initial investment is required, and competition is fierce. In the current economic climate entry in this sector will be almost impossible unless an innovative unique selling point is achieved. Currently the easiest entry into the electronics sector is through excellent design reliability, durability and cost effectiveness of electronics being the most obvious. Electronics Industry Life Cycle Stage According the theory of industry life cycle, Samsung Electronics already got the Maturity stage. Because growth is no longer the main focus,market share andcash flow become theprimary goals of the companies left in the space. Samsungs products like TV, audio, video, mobile phones, camera, camcorder, PC, peripherals, Printers, home appliances and memory cards all have good reputation and occupy important place in market. PESTEL Analysis This section serves as a business environmental scan. Here a PESTLE analysis is applied of the external macro environment in which SAMSUNG operates. The pestle analysis is applied to SAMSUNG looking at its market i.e. no specific product. The diagram below highlights the main issues within each factor. All the factors have a high level of influence on our business and our future strategy. Portfolio Analysis SWOT Analysis Porters Generic Competitive Strategy Analysis STRATEGIES CHOICE GE Matrix Analysis Mobile phone industry attractiveness and business strength assessment of Samsung phones Industry attractiveness Business strength assessment Depending on the analysis of the mobile phone market and industry attractive terms, the current score of attractiveness of the mobile phone industry is 3.68 points; the attractiveness of the industry is relatively high. Through the analysis of financial statements of Samsung, Samsungs business strength total score of 3.19 points in the industry belongs to a high level, in the matrix belongs to GE leader-type to business, this score indicates Samsung mobile phones has a good market share in current market. TV industry attractiveness and business strength assessment of Samsung TV Industry attractiveness Business strength assessment From the table, we can see that on the all TV market analysis, financial statements and marketing analysis of Samsung TV and Samsung in the GE matrix effort to business, the TV industry has a strong attractiveness, but Samsung in the TV business strength only belongs to middle level, which need considerable investment of resources, through the efforts of Samsung could be a leader-type business, or it will be difficult to fierce competition in the market to survive. Washing-machine industry attractiveness and business strength assessment of Samsung washing-machine Industry attractiveness Business strength assessment Through the washing-machine industry analysis and a brief Samsung washing-machine business development analysis show that the attractiveness of the washing-machine industry for Samsung is very strong, but Samsung washing-machine for production in terms of business strength is weak and the question mark in the GE matrix operations, the attractiveness of the industry itself is very easy to attract new entrants into the market and existing enterprise competition, but the washing-machine industry because of the competition is fierce, national brands in the market want a share of the domestic and international well-known brands have already endless which want to improve their competitiveness in this industry. Samsung is in a very difficult situation in the washing-machine industry. According to the industry attractiveness and business strength matrix of Samsung mobile phones, TVs, washing-machines, we mapped the GE matrix of Samsung: B: mobile phone, F: TV .H: washing-machine. (http://www.showppt.com/ppt_79.html) The GE matrix is displayed by Samsung, Samsungs mobile phones plays a leader place in the market and it must keep go on. TV business in the maintenance of regional (between effort and regulator), business attraction and business position in the industry do not have the advantage of both the absence of the formation of a unique segment had to compete with many rivals, enterprise by supporting these businesses strive to improve the businesss market share, and strive to develop into a leading-type business. Samsung washing-machine business is a question mark position difficult for enterprises to compete with the market the original members, requiring substantial investment of resources, currently giving up their own production of washing-machine is an inevitable choice. Boston Matrix Analysis Samsung electronics was build up in 1969, it cost 40 years developed from a small company which only 36 people worked in it to a worldwide company. Now there are nearly 20 kinds of products in Samsung which got a good reputation all over the globe. Take Samsung electronics as an example, it got lots of awards in the Industrial Design Excellence Awards in America. It is the company which got the most awards in several consecutive years, which can prove the design ability of Samsung reach the world-class level. It will be analysis with Boston Matrix. The television and mobile phone can be looked as the cash cow product, because the market growth rates are relatively low and the relative market share are so high. (http://www.masslearning.com/) Samsung electronics started the business of liquid crystal display from 1995, when it get to 2005, the total amount of sales volume is more than one hundred million and it is more than 2 hundred million in 2007, 3 hundred million in 2008, in last month, the total sales volume is more than 5 hundred million. The reason of why Samsung electronics can get the outstanding achievement is the extended market of the LED TV panel and the powerful sell of the big size LCD TV. In 2010, Samsung is going to sell 10 million LCD televisions with LED and 22 million all kinds of LCD TVs. In the sales amount aspect, Samsungs market share got to 23.6% all over the globe in the fourth quarter in 2009. The high sells amount and market share of Samsung is because of the high shipments of television market in the world, the integrity layout of the product size and the leader status of the advanced technology. Samsung got the double champion of the shipment and the sales amount on television in continue 13 seasons. So they looked as the cash cow product. The market share and the market growth rate of five TV brand in 2009 (http://finance.baidu.com/2010-02-23/122741032.html) Samsung is the second biggest mobile phone producer in the world. In 2009, it paid more attention on the fashion style which attracted a great deal of young person and the shipments got to 235 million, the market share got to 19.5%. Compared with 2008, it has a big improvement, because the shipment and market share is only 199 million and 16.3% respectively. The successful of Samsung electronics is come from the swift and agility, but lack of innovativeness may lead to the loss of probability. Nowadays Samsung pay more attention on the Smartphone, the Bada system is a good example. Bada system is a platform of the new smart phone which developed by Samsung company, the interface of it is more fashion in colour and style. So it can be looked as the cash cow product because the market growth rate is low but the market share is very high, the characteristic of which is the sale volume is high but the rate of liability is low, it can provide fund for the company and the product do not ne ed improve the invests. So it can be the supporter for recover the funds for the company, support the other product. The market is becoming mature, the company do not need to invest huge capital for enlarge the market and as a leader in the mobile phone area, it bring lots of profit for the whole company. (http://article.pchome.net/scripts/art_content.php?article_id=447146) In 1997, Samsung produce a series of double door fridge named ‘ZIPEL, in these 10 years, it was export to more than 130 countries and the market share got to the peak over about 50 countries. After sell the fridge to America for 7 years, the market share of Samsung became the highest one. In 2007, the French fridge started to sell in America, the market share was only 5.6% at that year, but after one year, it rocket to 16%. In 2009, the total sales of bridge take account of 28.6% and the sales volume take account of 27.2% in America, rank the first place. So the fridge should also be looked as the cash cow products, a company should have several kinds of cash cow products, if there is something wrong with the other dogs products, it balance the funds of the whole company. From 2007, Samsung produce a series of camera, such as blue, WB, PL, ES and ST series. Especially Blue series which was made the advertisement by Dongjian Zhang, leave a good impression for Chinese customer, so attract lots of customers attention. But in the whole area, Canon, Sony and Nikon still the first three brands, Samsung cannot catch up with them. Although it developed harder on the camera area, the market share still cannot as high as the other area. So the camera area can looked as the question marks product in the Boston Matrix analysis. Most products of Samsung electronics have a good reputation and sell very well, but there are some exceptions. Take air c The Man of the Crowd | Literary Analysis The Man of the Crowd | Literary Analysis Such a great misfortune, not to be able to be alone, declares the opening line of Edgar Allan Poes Man of the Crowd. Surrounded by a city full of people, the narrator is indeed not alone in that sense. Alone, though, may be viewed in another light: to be unique, to stand alone against the chaos and homogeneity of the crowd. The relationships the narrator has with and the observations he makes about the people of London give insight regarding the nature of urban relationships generally. Though the narrator does not in reality have any direct communication with the people in this story, he observes and reports on each of them, and these observations substitute for his lacking personal relationships. It is his observations of the city of London itself, of the crowd, and of the old man that reveal Poes distaste for the isolation and loss of individuality that city life fosters. The city is mostly only described at night, and we see almost nothing of the daylight hours. The audience, therefore, is left with a dark and gloomy image of the city. By providing this sole nighttime portrait of the city through the narrator, Poe automatically creates a depressing outlook on city life that pervades the story and provides the backdrop for the entire commentary. To reinforce the depressing outlook, Poe has the narrator enumerate the features of the verge of the city in more detail than any other part of London (220). He states that this place [wears] the worst impress of the most deplorable poverty, and of the most desperate crime (220). The poverty and crime reveals that people do not care about each other, in that no one helps the poorest of the poor and the criminals have no regard for their fellow city dwellers. People are isolated from, and apathetic towards, their fellow city dwellers. To give a further impression of the impoverishment and apathetic nature of the city, he describes the beggars, poor girls returning from their demanding work, and sick people wandering about the streets. From the descriptions of these people it is evident that the city is a cold, uncaring, and unforgiving place: the sick were in search of some chance consolation and the young girls had to return to careless homes (217). The lack of concern for others in the city highlights Poes notions that the urban environment creates isolation amongst its inhabitants. While describing the crowd, the narrator is seated behind a window, separated from the people. Putting him behind the glass isolates him from those whom he is so meticulously observing. One would think that after being sick and inside for months on end, the narrator would want some kind of personal, human relation, yet he is perfectly content to sit alone indoors and ponder the pedestrians from afar. His willingness to be alone further contributes to the sense that people are truly isolated in the city. This isolation is also seen in the pedestrians, who [talk] and [gesticulate] to themselves, as if feeling in solitude on account of the very denseness of the company around (216). Here the narrator explains that because there are so many people around and since no one knows each other, these people feel like they are alone. Poe suggests, through the narrators observations, that while one may be in extreme proximity to others in the city, he is not truly connected with any of them, except in the sense that he may share some general attributes with a large group of others that causes him to be seen as part of the whole. The narrator states that he at first looks at the people in their aggregate relations but then moves into observing the details of which there were innumerable varieties (216). Herein lies a contradiction: he points out there are innumerable varieties, yet he does exactly the opposite by enumerating the types of people that he sees and placing each person into a specific category. The narrator treats each person within each of his classifications as the same as the whole: though he calls them individuals, he immediately places them into a larger group. Poe here is trying to say that while you may think that you are a distinct person in the city, you have already lost your individuality by being part of the crowd. The narrator tells himself that everyone is different, but in pointing out their differences, he makes sweeping generalizations, thus making many people the same as one another. Furthermore, when the narrator classifies and describes the crowd, he does so in a very scientific manner, looking at each of them through their figure, dress, air, gait, visage, and expression of countenance (216). While these traits should make each person different at least in some way from another, they are all treated as exactly the same within each group. The classification of the people in the crowd makes them lose their individuality by generalizing and putting each person into a pre-labeled group. When a person comes along, the man of the crowd, that cannot be classified, the narrator is startled (218): he doesnt know how to think about this man since he cannot put him in a well-defined category. He is so intrigued by this man that he leaves the coffee shop where he has been meticulously scouring the people of the crowd. He purposefully hides among the pedestrians so as not to be seen and, in doing so, loses his individuality and becomes just another undistinguishable face amid a sea of others, suggesting that his quest to classify this man is futile. If the narrator himself is indistinguishable, how is he able to individualize and ascribe specific attributes to someone else? Also, the way in which he describes the passages that the old man takes causes him to become intertwined with the old mans identity: the narrator says that he hurried into the street [] until we emerged (220). He has to do exactly as the old man does in order to stay close and observe him. Again, this mixing of identities emphasizes the loss of individuality in the city that Poe wishes to point out. A person starts to lose his identity when he starts behaving like other people. The narrator eventually abandons his pursuit, saying that this man does not permit [himself] to be read (215). He points out that he can learn nothing else about him. The narrator here seems to just ignore someone that does not fit into he predetermined classifications. This eventual disregard for the peculiarity of the old man again shows that there is no true individuality in the city. If other people like this man cannot be classified, they are probably simply ignored; in effect they do not exist. So, in essence there are no individuals. The tale opens by saying that it is a great misfortune, not to be able to be alone. The narrator in Man of the Crowd is surrounded by a city full of people, unable to be alone, though is truly isolated from them. Through the observations made by this narrator, it is evident that the same isolation applies to every other member of society in London; no one knows anyone else and, in that sense, everyone is isolated. Though, these people are not alone in that none of them are distinguishable from a larger group. Each person is defined as being part of a group within the crowd and as a part of the crowd generally. It is this loss of individuality that gives meaning to the vagueness title The Man in the Crowd.

Computers in the Classroom: Benefits for Different Learning Styles :: Education Teaching

Computers in the Classroom: Benefits for Different Learning Styles Who could have ever known that technology would rock the new era! Its constant growth has what made its presence so predominant in today’s world, and now even in today’s classroom. More and more classrooms are being infiltrated by this growing technological genius. From the internet, to software, it offers endless amounts of resources and knowledge to it’s user with just the touch of a button. In fact, computers give benefits to any student in the classroom even if they may have a different learning style. Whether the student is a visual, auditory, or kinesthetic learner, the computer offers something for everyone. The computer brings many benefits to the classroom environment even without focusing on separate learning styles. The internet of course is a humongous advantage! With its millions of sources and websites, the internet allows us to find basically any kind of information we need without even having to open a book. Also you can take your work with you anywhere you want to go, even home. â€Å"Nationally, only about 40% of homes have computers in them† (Foulger p1). This is a very sad statistic considering the flexibility computer databases allow. You can even save your work to a disk and upload it onto another computer if you do not have access to the original computer you started working on. This is a major plus for many teachers and students because it allows them to keep grades calculated, and keep work organized. The use of computers in the classroom also can significantly decrease the amount of paper use making it more environmentally friendly. The only time a computer cal ls for the use of paper is when someone needs to print something out, where as with manual work there is always the constant use of paper as a writing canvas. Computers give teachers the option to have students save their work either to a disk, the hard drive or to an internet software program (such as Blackboard) for grading. This benefit also decreases the chance of those disorganized type teachers from losing your paper or having piles and piles of papers upon their desk just waiting for grading. With the use of technology and all the new intelligence coming out, computers and computer programs are becoming more and more beneficial. There are hundreds of programs now out there that can help students to learn any subject matter from spelling and reading, to physics and philosophy.

Romeo and Juliet: Comparing Original Screenplay and Film (Movie) :: Movie Film comparison compare contrast

Romeo and Juliet - Comparing Original Screenplay and Film (Movie)      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Films are made with the directors different personal opinions based on the original screenplay.   For the movie version of Romeo + Juliet (1996), the quote above illustrates this perfectly.   For this essay, I will discuss contrasts between the original screenplay, and the film.   I will be discussing plot changes to adapt to the movie's visual capabilities, changes to the time-frame of the script, and plot changes to different relationships between characters.   I hope you will find this essay informative.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   First, I will discuss with you the plot changes to adapt to the movie's visual capabilities.   If we were just to read this book, the only visual pictures we would see would be in our minds; but since we went to see the movie, the director had to adapt some of the plot to have viewers experience the screenplay visually.   One such example of plot adaptations is when, in the screenplay, Tybalt recognizes Romeo's voice at the Capulet masque.   When Tybalt hears him, he becomes enraged.   This is not so for the film.   Romeo takes off his masque at the fountain and forgets it there.   He returns to the masque and that is when Tybalt recognizes his face.   However, the result is the same, Tybalt becomes enraged and vows to extract his revenge on Romeo since Old Capulet said for him to leave Romeo alone.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Secondly, I will illustrate you some changed to the time-frame of the plot.   This is one of the easier comparisons since you can tell if parts of the plot have been rearranged.   An example of a change to the plot is when (in the book) Romeo first meets Juliet.   Romeo says about fifty words to Juliet and kisses her.   While she is being kissed, the Nurse calls her away because her mother wishes to see her.   In the movie, Juliet is called away even before Romeo talks to her.   Juliet is called away to dance with Paris, but when the dance ends and Paris is watching the fireworks, Juliet and Romeo talk and kiss.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Lastly, I will explain to you some of the plot changes to different relationships between characters.   This has to do partly with the visual

JoAnn Marshall - The Roles of Southern Women, Black and White, in Society :: Essays Papers

JoAnn Marshall - The Roles of Southern Women, Black and White, in Society Lillian Smith provides a description of the typical black woman and the typical white woman "of the pre-1960's American South" (Gladney 1) in her autobiographical critique of southern culture, Killers of the Dream. The typical black woman in the South is a cook, housekeeper, nursemaid, or all three wrapped up in one for at least one white family. Therefore, she is the double matriarch of the South, raising her own family and the families of her white employers: "It was not a rare sight in my generation to see a black woman with a dark baby at one breast and a white one at the other, rocking them both in her wide lap" (Smith 130). The southern black woman's duties extend far beyond rearing children, as she also serves as a family counselor, confidant, and nurse for the entire white family (Smith 129) and her own if time permits. She can do all this and more because she is strong, wise, and insightful in all areas of life (Smith 119). In short, the southern black woman is the cornersto ne of the southern, domestic life. The white woman in the South has an equally important role. The southern white woman is responsible for maintaining southern social order, better known as Southern Tradition. She establishes "the 'do' and the 'don't' of behavior" (Smith 132) in her children and believes, "If you could just keep from them all the things that must never be mentioned, all would be well!" (Smith 142). At the same time, the southern white woman sits atop the pedestal of Sacred Womanhood that her husband and his ancestors built for her (Smith 141). She meekly sits there, a symbol of southern society used to benefit men's ideals, feeling empty and powerless against everything going on around her (Smith 141-2). The whispers in her children's ears and her presence on that pedestal fulfill the white woman's role as protectress of Southern Tradition, but does not fulfill the southern white woman. In fact, the roles of the southern black woman and the southern white woman are equally important and equally oppressive: "In a culture where marriage and motherhood were women's primary roles, neither black nor white women were free to be fully wives or mothers, and neither were able to sh ield their children from the physical and psychic destruction of the racist society in which they lived" (Gladney 6).

Women and Minorities in Law Enforcement

Women and Minorities in Law Enforcement Response Throughout policing history women and minorities have gone through so many changes as they tried to become law enforcers. In the beginning, when women and minorities were allowed to become police officers they would be hired but given lighter duties or assigned to lower crime areas. They weren’t given much opportunity to go out and experience first hand how everything was on the streets since the majority of law enforcers back then were males.They worked more as social workers and it took a long time for them to be out on the streets fighting off crime. Over time their role in law enforcement has changed dramatically, back then they weren’t allowed to have higher ranks or work out on the field or basically do any job that was considered a men’s job (due to physical strength or upper body strength that men had and women didn’t). As time went on they were allowed to have higher ranks and given more opportuniti es, they were allowed to do what most male officers were doing at the time. There were associations made for women and minorities.One such association mentioned in the book is called: The International Association of Policewomen. Laws were created as well to enforce the hiring of racial and gender minorities as well as affirmative action policies. Affirmative action policies required that police departments create more than equal opportunities for everyone. They pressed that the police departments should hire minorities. Affirmative action basically ensured that those who had previously been excluded from particular types of employment would now have the access to those jobs.All law enforcement agencies that didn’t follow the affirmative action policies would face civil suits from the individuals who were denied that job. The hiring of minorities and women changed the role of modern policing as everything had to be changed to give way to minorities and women. For example: Phy sical agility tests and Written tests. As mentioned in the book: Policewomen and policemen are different in three key areas; policewomen do not draw their weapons as frequently; they use less physical force; and they are better at handling domestic violence calls. Grant & Terny, 2008) The positive things about this integration are that many acts were made that required equal opportunities for women and minorities. Also, the police force no longer consisted of just men but women as well and so whenever there are victims that are women the female police officers could talk to them and they’d be a lot more comfortable to release information. As well as when they are going to be searched. People of different ethnic backgrounds made it now possible as well to talk to certain victims who didn’t know the English language.The negatives are that many things had to be changed in the force, from physical agility tests to written tests, and even how things are done in a department because of this integration. Sexual harassment in the workplace became an issue; there were so many debates to whether women could perform jobs. Also women were looked at negatively and as not being able to perform the job, they were usually harassed or talked down upon by victims being arrested. The importance of women in policing should not be overlooked because they bring huge changes to every police department and are intelligent people.They are willing to refrain from pulling out their guns to resolve an issue and really do try their best to resolve it by talking to the individual. They have better communication skills and are less aggressive and I feel they are more responsible. In conclusion, the integration of minorities and women has changed so much for law enforcement and in so many ways it made it better because it’s only fair that all different races and people of different backgrounds were allowed to become a police officer if they met the requirements. Women or men alike can help keep our communities safe if they work together.

Compare and Contrast Suffering Shown in Six Poems Essay

The first thing you think when you are told the word suffering is torturing and death and yes this is a big aspect of the topic and it is included in the poem mother in a refugee camp by Chinua Achebe but there is also other parts of it that is not just physical but involves mental suffering and it is this section that is rarely associated with the word in question, Hide and seek by Vernon Scannell is a good example of how this piece comes into play. From this evidence we can explore different forms of suffering and by the time I have reached my conclusion we will have a better understanding of the term. To help us get a better perspective of the word I have used three main poems that demonstrate different elements of suffering War photographer is a poem by carol ann Duffy and he is looking through the pictures he has taken and looking back on their deaths he also talks about how the public react and their lack of care and understanding and what individual has gone through to get just one picture. You can also look at the poem Dulce ET decorum EST which is similar in that it involves the public, Wilfred Owen was a writer from world war one and he disliked how war was displayed to the public that everyone was a hero and they always won. So Owen met some friends and they wrote poems about what the war was really like and this is where he wrote this poem and in it uses the phrase â€Å"the old lie Dulce et Decorum Est Propatria Mori†, In war photographer instead of showing the public the reality of war through poetry he has done it through vivid images that really hit the public and show them what war is really like and although they are separated by almost a 100 years you can see how they are connected. From the start of war photographer you get the feeling of quietness and solitude and if you had to link this with a colour it is quite possible that most people will say something along the lines of blue or green but Carol Ann Duffy has used the colour red and somehow connected it to quietness the colour red is mentioned as it was the colour used when developing a photograph so the room had to be pitch black with the faint red glow. Another example that gives the poem the feeling of tranquillity is the line that uses a religious example. A priest preparing to intone a mass† this technique has also been used in ‘War photographer.   Ã¢â‚¬Å"No Madonna and child could touch†, this is referring to Mary and her son Jesus in the bible and is used as a sign of peace and love which is how the mother in this poem feels towards her dying child. The religious mention in ‘war photographer also represents peace but in this is example it is more to do with the quietness as the photos are developed. he phrase used in the second line is used to represent the people in front of the firing squad waiting to be shot â€Å"spools of suffering set out in ordered rows† and he has used the word suffering in this line as you can imagine the pain of knowing you are about to die and yet you are hopeless in terms of the outcome there is another example where hopelessness is mentioned and this is in ‘Dulce et decorum est’ when there is an â€Å"Ecstasy of fumbling† as everyone tries to put there gas mask on and the one guy who is a bit slow who runs out of time, this guy was helpless to what was going to happen to him is exactly like the men standing up against the firing squad as they are both powerless On the next line Duffy uses four lines to start of the poem and yet there are four full stops, this is to e mphasise on each of the areas mentioned that he has been to and taken pictures of war and it makes the reader pause and think about each individual word, â€Å"Belfast. Beirut. Phnom Penh†. The last line of the Stanza is taken from the bible â€Å"all flesh is grass† there is dying and suffering everywhere.  As you read onto the next stanza Duffy talks about the war photographer going home to Rural England he has used caesura here again and it has been used to make â€Å"Rural England† sound really blunt and plain and she says â€Å"to fields that don’t explode beneath the feet of running children in a nightmare heat† this makes you think how much suffering there would be in the world if it was all like these places Beirut and Phnom Penh and the planet was a war zone. On the last stanza Duffy talks about a hundred agonies in black and white and it is said that black and white photographs are the most powerful and effective forms of capturing the moment of suffering. This poem has a very effective ending and it is going back to what I said at the start â€Å"From the aeroplane he stares impassively at where he earns his living and they do not care† and she is talking about the public and what they have all gone through to get these photographs all for maybe five or six that will be picked out to be published and used in tomorrows newspaper and yet when they read it as he says they do not care. This is not the only poem that has a really effective ending many of the poems have a really strong ending to put there point across, and to make the reader feel emotion towards the victim of suffering. Seamus Heaney’s Mid term break has left a line all by itself to serve as the ending, Mid term Break is about an older brother who has come back to school to find that his younger brother has been hit by a car and it is about how the older brother reacts to this experience, this piece of poetry is autobiographical so it makes the storyline even more moving. A four foot box a foot for every year† this line puts the poem in to perspective when you think just how small this child is and helpless he was, this comes back to the point made in ‘War Photographer’ and ‘Dulce et Decorum Est’ and you can see this part plays a big role as it very important and is one of the most frequent forms of suffering. Vernon Scannell has used a sense of mystery just like war photographer it doesn’t mention any names but it says â€Å"but where are they who sought you? You do not know who the people were same as in war photographer . Hide and seek is all about playing a typical childhood game that everyone knows about and it is through the eyes of a small child and how quickly excitement can turn to a type of suffering. This means of seeing the world through the eyes of a child can be very effective in portraying loneliness and this is exactly what this poet is trying to exploit in using a younger victim. Throughout the start of the poem the writer has expressed the boys excitement using various methods the first technique Scannell has used is the rhyming couplets every forth and fifth line to show just how eager he is to play the game and to win and outsmart his friends also the writer has used caesura, this has been used when there is a change in tension â€Å"Don’t breathe. Don’t move. Stay dumb. Hide in your blindness. † This has been used when the seekers are just at the door to the shed and there is a sudden tense moment when he realises that he must stay quiet to not be caught. Then unexpectedly there is a time jump and we now have this change in atmosphere as the boy is suddenly at a discomfort â€Å"the dark damp smell of sand moves in your throat† also Scannell helps us feel empathy towards the boy as even the weather seems to be against him â€Å"the cold bites through your coat† whereas you had the feeling of warmth at the start where he talks about a beach which is not associated with the cold. Then you get the feeling of excitement again suddenly as he reveals himself only to be brought back down again as he finds out that there is no-one there and everyone has gone and this is where you get the feeling of loneliness which is directly related to suffering and is used in other poems such as half past two by U. A. Thanthorpe. Half past two is about a seemingly sweet and innocent boy who is almost in a dream state throughout the poem and is about him â€Å"escaping into the clockless land†. U. A. Thanthorpe has also used the technique of seeing the world through the mind of a child to portray loneliness just as Scannell has done in his poem. There comes no worse than a death of a child especially your own, you may say this poem demonstrates death more intensely than war photographer or Wilfred Owens poem this is similar to Mid term break where Seamus Heaney talks about the death of a younger brother and they are similar in that a child is used to amplify the sympathy from the reader. Although Heanny’s poem is autobiographical you can say that mother in a refugee camp displays a more depressing feeling as the little child is not the only one suffering as everyone in the refugee camp is almost suffering equally and some of the mothers have even given up on their Childs and the one person you usually look to for comfort is your mother and to not have that support is a disheartening thought. And this really creates an empathy link between the reader and this mother and the victims of this dreadful area in which the whole place is enclosed by death. Achebe uses techniques just as the other poets have, to express torturing in the poem. The main thing he has used is vivid imagery which is a excellent method of really painting a picture in the readers mind about what it would have been like, â€Å"Behind blown empty bellies† he has also used alliteration so once you understand this picture that he is portraying it also sticks in your mind so that you don’t forget it. Then you really start to feel the mothers love for her child near the end as she uses the phrase ‘humming in her eyes’ which suggest she is close to tears and this is a really emotional part of the story and then Achebe really ends the story effectively â€Å"like putting flowers on a tiny grave† this means that even though she knows her son is going to pass away she still feels the love for him that any mother will always do. And this phrase really helps you sympathise with the mother and Ac hebe has helped us understand how she is really feeling and the suffering that she feels inside. So as you can see these six different poets have expressed their feelings on suffering in lots different ways in their poems. Suffering can come in many forms. The ones used in this poem are just a few of the many aspects of suffering. It can come in the form of death and war which was what was used in most of the poems and you can say this is the most extreme form but as I have proved suffering can also come in the form of loneliness and helplessness which is not what you would first expect when you think of suffering, but when you look into it more closely you get a greater understanding of the word and how it can be expressed differently for different situations.

The Impact of Social Media Marketing in Marketing Communication Opportunities: in Context of Dell

Table of Content No. | Content| Page Number| 1. | Table of Content| 1| 2. | Abstract| 2| 3. | Introduction| 3| 4. | Literature Review | 4| 5. | Dell Business Model| 7| 6| Impact of Social Media Marketing in Dell Current Communication Process| 8| 7. | Challenges of Social Media Marketing in the Marketing Environment | 11| 8. | Benefits of Social Media Marketing in the Marketing Environment| 13| 9. | Conclusion| 15| 10. | References| 16| 2. Abstract Social media marketing is no longer a foreign to business marketer nowadays. This paper will examine the impact of social media marketing on the marketing communication opportunities in context of Dell in the United States. Basically, this assignment will be begun with the introduction which generally explains about the emergence of social media. Next, several literature reviews will be provided to explain on the marketing communication process and how social media marketing impacted on the Dell current communication process. Then, several challenges and benefits of social media marketing will be illustrated at the end of this paper. Keywords: [social media marketing, marketing communication process, media vehicle, consumers, message] 3. Introduction Undeniably, revolution of socio-technological has significantly changed the ways and means of media consumption. From super-fast digitally empower laptops to mobile eBook readers. All of these aspects have affected how business (brands) and consumers communicate and thus influence the way of marketing communications will be functioning. One of the most significant evolutions when people talk about marketing tools or strategies is the emergence of social media marketing. Fundamentally, social media marketing is a way of connecting with consumers by means of the current technology (i. e. The Internet). As of now, there are more than 800 million active users in Facebook, over 3 billion videos are viewed per day and 100 million people use Twitter every single day. Having all social media channel available for consumers, this provides consumers with plenty of choices in products and services in the market. Alongside, social media marketing has impacted on businesses marketing communication opportunities. 4. Literature Review The emergence of new communication channels via the Internet has tremendously affect businesses way of marketing strategies (Owen and Humphrey, 2009). One of the most significant developments to the marketers is the effects from the Internet evolution from the generation of Web 2. 0 or social media as a media vehicle to deliver the message to the target market (Constantinides et al. 2008). Social media marketing in this context is the opportunities provided for business to communicate with the society, with the help of the organizations’ brand, thus resulting in building a positive connection and develop brand influence through the Internet as the medium of communication (Pandey, 2010). Murphy (2010) mentioned that a good marketing strategy occurs when organization or marketer using the right communication channels or media to send the right message and reac hing the right market. Therefore, it is vital for marketer to understand the communication process when using social media as the media vehicle in the marketing communication. Kotler (n. d. , p. 546) mentioned that there are several elements that involved in the communication process in order to determine effective communication. The major two parties in the communication are the sender (marketer) and receiver (market). Another major communication tool is the media vehicle or media channel which carries the message to the receiver. Alongside the communication parties and media vehicle, there are four major communication functions; encoding, decoding, response and feedback. Finally, the element of noise also interferes in the communication process. Dargiewicz (2010) suggested that in order to communicate in an effective way, the sender must have an understanding of the point of the message, who are the target audience to be reached and how the audience will interpret and respond to the message. Schramm’s model of communication points out that the sender’s ncoding process must be coherent with the target audiences’ decoding process, whereby, the more marketer field of experience overlaps with the target markets’ field of experience, the higher is the effectiveness of process of communication (Dargiewicz, 2010; Holm, 2006). The matches of both parties’ experiences are called the Shared Frame of Reference. Figure 1: Willbur Schramm model Source: Dargiewicsz, K. (2010) Monologue vs Dialogue: How Innovative Social Media Technology Developing Effective Marketing Communication Strategies [online]. Available at http://www. slideshare. et/guywithideas/social-media-dissertation [Accessed 15th December 2011] The high level of trust associated with social media as the media vehicle makes social media is highly acceptable among the target audiences compared to traditional media vehicle such as televisions, newspapers, billboard and etc. (Inklingmedia, n. d. ). Mohr and Nevin (1990), bring up that, the absent of trust may distort the message that is being sent. According to DesignDamage (n. d. ), social media fosters a highly transactional model of communication which it allows two-way communication through the feedback mechanism that traditional media not able to offer. Traditional media vehicles were also argued to be a merely one-way process communication, whereby, the message is not clearly communicated or received by the target audience in most of the time (Dargiewicz, 2010). The Shared Frame of Reference suggested by Willbur Schramm model is integrated with social media because it offers consumers to share their experience in the communication process. Calder and Malthouse (2005) supports that everything that influence the customer’s experience is a potential marketing vehicle. Therefore, in order to illustrate the theory of social media marketing in context of organization, this paper will look at the impact of social media marketing in Dell Corporation in the United States. 5. Dell Business Model The founder of Dell Computer Incorporation is Michael Dell in 1984. Dell’s primary products are personal and office computers and business of Dell also engages in other products such as printers and software. A feature that determines PC companies such as Dell to manage their products is through standardization of PCs. The main benefit of standardization is that it helps Dell to reduce the cost of productions. However, when Dell adopted standardization strategy, it made Dell more generic with other PCs companies such as IBM, Compact and Hewlett-Packard since most of PCs companies had access to the same suppliers such as Intel and Microsoft. Therefore, Dell started a new direct business model based on customization approach that enables computers or laptops to be produced according to customers’ requirements in order to be more competitive. However, standardization approached has still remained in Dell’s business model. The customization approach varies its products from customer to another customer without changing the brand name. Having customization strategy in Dell business model, Dell has to eliminate third party as the middle-man and sell its products directly to the final customer, whether the commercial customers or private users. Such business model allows Dell to reach more clients and business units and cut cost with simplify supply chain. Unfortunately, Dell is facing even a bigger issue to balance out the standardization and customization approach as there is no one perfect method. According to The Indian Institute of Planning and Management (n. d. ), customer is the key economic driver to what Dell is doing. Therefore, Dell extended its approach to engage with their customers through the social media marketing to market their brand and communicate with their customers. 6. Impact of Social Media Marketing on Current Dell Communication Process Many companies including Dell, have realized that social media is a new platform for communication. Dell’s key policy is always being a direct and effective in terms of its communications. Dell and digital communication through the internet was never separated since it started to conduct e-commerce business which selling its customized products directly to the customer. Since Dell engaging the blogosphere in 2006, social media marketing has always been its core communication and marketing strategies. According to Dave (2011), social media efforts at Dell helps to sustain the business objectives such as aim to reduce cost, increase revenue and enhance customers’ satisfaction. According to Blythe (2000), the first key of effective communication is to identify the target audience. Social media marketing provide opportunities for dell to separate their target audiences according to social media channel. For example, Dell Community has a mixture of blogs that reflects several key channels. This includes discussion on education to business consultation. Different range of blogs that provided by Dell ensures that information and discussion would be used to cater several specification of audiences. In a same way, Dell has different kinds of Twitter channels to reflect different purposes. Correspond to Dell Cares, it provides assistance to the customer on any matter related to the Dell’s products. This portrays how Dell has separated its branding strategy and how various Twitter accounts perceived differently by the audiences. Therefore, Dell will be able to encode the right message such marketing campaign, to the specific target audience through the right social media channel. There are many other brands out there in the market today compared to in the past. Dargiewicz (2010) points out that all are trying to communicate a large number of messages to their target audience daily, which interfering the target audience to get the right message across. Thus, social media has changed the communication landscape in providing opportunities for Dell to have a two-way communication with its customers. A good communication is the role of the encoders’ and decoder’s skill and its portrayed by the medium which the encoded message is delivered. Realized the effectiveness of social media as the medium of communication, Direct2Dell was launched by Dell, its very own corporate blog through Twitter. Its social media efforts have provided a two-way asymmetric communications, whereby, target audiences able to provide feedback content such as ratings and reviews with regards to the issues of Dell’s products. Moreover, the feedback provided by the customer is in real-time, whereby, the feedback is come directly from customers and Dell able to value their products. For instance, product that has five-stars rating should stay and two-star ratings should be removed. According to Pickton and Broderick (2001, p. 182), feedback will improve the accuracy of the communication to ensure that message has been correctly received and understood, which is one of the reasons why social media is a powerful communication vehicle in Dell communication process. Plus, the CEO of Dell Computer, emphasized that company must be able to listen and connect with its customers and emergence of social media has provided Dell the opportunity to engage with its customers (Farrelly, 2009). Given the feedback mechanism that social media can offer, Dell’s has taken a major step to establish a â€Å"Social Media Listening Command Center† in order to stay connected with its customers. Channey (2009) points out that listening are no longer an option but rather a new marketing. Listening is crucial in the communication process because it allows Dell to understand what customers want and how customers perceive the brand. Not only did social media marketing allow Dell to understand their customers, , Dell are able to discover about a massive amount of issues that consumers were having with their products through their blog monitoring platform. The system could track each of these and would instantly recognize trends between products, geographic areas, or specific communications with Dell. For instance, Dell proactively approach consumers in the blogosphere and in online community about battery recall, thus allow better response and rectify customer’s problem as quickly as possible. Plus, customers were also able to check whether their battery part of the recall. Furthermore, social media marketing has fostered high Shared Frame of Reference between the sender (marketer) and the receiver (audience) that influence effective communication. Dell has created online designed studio that gives the ability for its customers to change the design of their laptops by choosing a custom switchable lid themselves. Online designed studio has given Dell’s customers the opportunities to virtually experience the outcome of their customization laptop, thus, encourage Shared Frame of Reference between Dell and its customers. In addition, not only did social media marketing fostered high Shared Frame of Reference between the marketer and the audience but also among Dell customers. Dell has launched online community for its existing and potential customers to communicate and exchange information. According to Bazaarvoice (n. d. ), 90 percent of consumers online belief the recommendations from people they know and 70 percent belief the opinions of unknown users because people tend to trust and often seek the advice from another person or group of people over brands. This characteristic enables consumer to gather as much information about Dell’s related products and services before making purchase decision. Shaw et al. (2000, p. 152) added that a positive feedback can turn into a good promotion the brand of the product. This is why social media perceived to have a higher level of trust and it is more acceptable compared to other media. 7. Challenges of Social Media Marketing in the Marketing Environment Social media marketing has certainly influence the communication process of Dell with its consumer. However, there are several challenges that social media is facing in the marketing environment. Social media allows thousands of conversation streams to be addressed per day. Merely representing a team of marketers will not be able to handle such a great amount of conversation. Definitely, the number of marketers is not sufficient and it is more likely that these marketers are not equipped with comprehensively subject matter expertise that required them to communicate and respond at the proper level of reliable conversation. The consequence of ignoring this can be overwhelming. The risks of involving untrained employees to represents on behalf of Dell could jeopardize Dell reputation. Once Dell encouraged its employees to be active on blogs, Dell is exposed to the risk of staff members writing negatively and revealing confidential information about the organization. For example, in 2007, a former employee of Dell had posted a list of tips in a blog for customers who are searching for Dell products (Farrelly, 2009). The employee had no issues with Dell and just wanted to share information for customers such as the best time to purchase and how to get the greatest deal. Therefore, it is essential for Dell to have proper employees that have the ability to monitor and respond to its consumers’ thought. Additionally, due to high transparency in social media, competitors may know the strategies of Dell and consumers are more well-informed about Dell products and pricing strategy. Essentially, the engaging process with customers has always been in charged by the Dell marketing department. However, the trend has changed since the emergence of social media. The consumers are now communicating about the organization’s product with other online users who are not the employees. In fact, 66 percent of brand opinions are generated by customers and 34 percent are by blogger (Dave, 2011). The growing popularity of online communities has allow consumers to exchange information and able to compare with competitors’ prices without any barriers. This means Dell have lost their ability to control over on how and where their products and services are being presented to existing and potential customers. Moreover, any disappointed Dell customer able to share their negative judgment on particular products. The bad feedback posted on Twitter or Facebook can easily go viral as good news. For instance, in 2005, Jeff Jarvis, blogger and famous journalist and professor created a personal blog known as Dell Hell. Jeff had a problem with his Dell computer and frustrated with Dell customer service. Therefore, he expressed his frustration with Dell’s products and customer support on the blog. Dell Hell served as a place for other consumers to express their frustration on Dell. As for Dell, the situation has attracted the attention of other media from The New York Times, Business Week, The Houston Chronicle and many others, thus, reputation of Dell as the well-known brand for PCs was at disaster. Moreover, the social media habit or consumption of the young audience may differ compared to the previous generation. It has been a challenge for the marketers to develop marketing communication strategies in order to sync with this modern language to make sure that the transmitted brand messages are received and properly encoded across different age group. The young audiences who are called â€Å"digital natives† were raised up in the modern technological era. They have been adapted to the development and respond to information in a different way with their predecessors. Different to the young audience, the previous generations are known as â€Å"digital immigrants† because they are exposed with modern technologies only in the later stage compared to the young audience. They have different ways of understanding the language of social media. Therefore, this will be probably a challenge for businesses including Dell to strategize how to get the message across different age group through social media marketing. 8. Benefits of Social Media Marketing Although social media marketing have its disadvantages, it has also brought several values in the marketing environment. Firstly, due to the fact that social media has no barrier for communication; it has encouraged companies like Dell to allow customer participation in their marketing strategies. For example, Dell has created Dell’s IdeaStorm, one of the online Community blogs to encourage conversation with its existing and potential consumers. The benefit that the IdeaStorm is able to give is it allows crowdsourcing from the consumers. This is an effective way for Dell to obtain ideas for their company and more importantly, it provides a sense of belonging from onsumers because their opinion influences the internal decision making, thus increase their loyalty, brand awareness and reaffirm their positioning. Plus, not only social media provide suggestion to Dell, it also help other fellow customers to fix their problem. The process are similar to other social media, whereby, people join the community, recommend their opinions or ideas and then, Dell will respond to the most popular ideas accord ing to the number of votes. In addition, it also provides a free market research for Dell. This is a benefit for Dell because most of surveys conducted are deemed to be ineffective because it only focus on certain groups and also incur higher cost. Finally, social media marketing has also assist Dell in their pricing strategy. Since the consumers are more active in social media, Dell able to get their opinion and forecast the demand and price of their products. Plus, Dell product customization business model through the social media marketing can reduce their sales cycle. Different from short sales cycle, long sales cycles requires people at several stages of the buying process. Ironically, when salespeople are spending their time engaging new businesses and relationship to ensure that customers receive satisfactory answers, he or she is rather unproductive because company only creates money if customers are actually buying the products. This leading up to opportunity cost because the salesperson is not making any deals. Therefore, Dell able to reduce the marketing cost through social media marketing. 9. Conclusion In conclusion, Dell has continuously evaluated its business model to search for rooms of improvement and ways to enhance their customer service. Social media marketing has certainly influenced Dell in their marketing communication process and widened their reach to its existing and potential customers. In the early years of Dell in the blogosphere, Dell has effectively incorporated social media into its marketing and communications strategy and had been awarded for its efforts. Despite of the effort to integrate social media marketing into the business, social media marketing has its drawbacks. Dell cannot afford to put their brand reputation at risk and thus, must find ways to overcome the challenges. Today, Dell US is one f the top companies that is being respected and known as the citizen of the social media. Hence, Dell had applied this new establish knowledge to really change the culture and advance the marketing strategy while constantly being focus and direct with its customers. (3078 words) References 1. Bazaarvoice (n. d. ) Social Commerce Statistics [online]. 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